| ULTRA-FINE PARTICLES AND GASEOUS VOLATILE
ORGANIC COMPOUND EXPOSURES FROM THE
REACTION OF OZONE AND CAR-AIR FRESHENER
DURING METROPOLIS TRAVEL |
| Rheo B. Lamorena1, Su-Mi Park2, Gwi-Nam Bae2, and Woojin Lee1† |
1Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Daejon, Korea
2Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 130-650 Seoul, Korea |
Corresponding Author:
Woojin Lee ,Tel: +82-42-869-3624, Fax: +82-42-869-3610, Email: woojin_lee@kaist.ac.kr
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Received: June 6, 2006; Accepted: May 7, 2007. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Experiments were conducted to identify the emissions from the car air freshener and to identify
the formation of ultra-fine particles and secondary gaseous compounds during the ozone-initiated oxidations
with emitted VOCs. The identified primary constituents emitted from the car air freshener in this study
were -pinene, -pinene, -cymene and limonene. Formation of ultra-fine particles (4.4 - 160 nm) was
observed when ozone was injected into the chamber containing emitted monoterpenes from the air freshener.
Particle number concentrations, particle mass concentrations, and surface concentrations were measured in
time dependent experiments to describe the particle formation and growth within the chamber. The irritating
secondary gaseous products formed during the ozone-initiated reactions include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
acrolein, acetone, and propionaldehyde. Ozone concentration (50 and 100 ppb) and temperature (30 and 40
°C) significantly affect the formation of particles and gaseous products during the ozone-initiated reactions.
The results obtained in this study provided an insight on the potential exposure of particles and irritating
secondary products formed during the ozone-initiated reaction to passengers in confined spaces. |
| Keywords:
Ozone | Volatile organic compounds | Monoterpenes | Particles | Air freshener |
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